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1st /’fu:bar/ biennale: Collectivism

• text: Irena Borić • photos: (cover) j3d1n4, (inline) Noa Barić, '25. • text for: Fubar Biennale 2k26 • proofreading & translation: Hana Dvornik #hr version

Polyphonic Variability of a Glitch Festival

The eleventh edition of /’fu:bar/, an internationally recognised international glitch art festival, has seen it undergo a transformation into the first international biennial of variable and glitch art. The transformation of the festival format – both substantive and formal – seeks to make it more all-encompassing in its consideration and representation of the newest digital technologies. At a moment when computerised aspects pervade nearly every art installation, whether in its production or performance, both the proliferation of new media and the endless circulation of information/data of diverse origins on the internet, support the argument that the dominant culture is digital. In relation to our oversaturated techno-social reality, /’fu:bar/ seeks to position itself not only through the angle of art, but also by operating in line with the principles of open code, knowledge sharing and DIY/DIWO methods, thus openly opposing the techno-solutionist system. All the while, it advocates a safe, fair, inclusive and transparent production environment, with an important role reserved for the questions of which technology we use and how. /’fu:bar/ reacts to the context within which it arises, seeking to offer a different perspective from which to understand the mutability of the digital landscape.

Variable instability

Although the festival’s exclusive dedication to glitch art contributes to its international reputation, the format of its programme has itself adopted the variability that is characteristic of the digital art that is its focus. /’fu:bar/’s new designation, as a variable and glitch art festival, once again points to the instability and unpredictability of the media exposed by the ideological cracks in the technologies used. Although glitch can best be defined based on aesthetic criteria, it should not be ignored that failures or errors in the language of the machine reflect the technological conditions of their own production. In other words, glitch has a tendency to change as and when technologies and systems change. Changes in the ways these systems are used and exploited will not only influence the way glitch appears, but also how it will appear. By introducing variable art in its programming, /’fu:bar/ thus further emphasises the expanded field of glitch art, whose understanding requires an examination of the sociological and technological context, as well as the tensions and paradoxes that emerge along the way. This opens up the space for understanding the many contradictions of digital art in the fissure between the aesthetics of new media and the instability of new technologies.

Since computer artworks consist of files, an operating system, software and hardware, the starting point for an appraisal of their status is not so much authenticity or originality, as it is their integrity, which depends on their hardware and software components. In her text Versions, Variations and Variability: Ethical Considerations and Conservation Options for Computer-Based Art (2011), the researcher and professor Hanna Barbara Hölling points out that “conceptual integrity refers to the work’s relationship to the process or technology employed, and the social and cultural setting in which the work was created,” while “aesthetic integrity comprises the look and feel of displayed components, and the outputs of the system such as sound, image, or both.” Hardware thus surpasses its own function, acquiring a sculptural, that is, aesthetic value. The variability derives from the technology used, which at a certain time and place possesses a certain artistic patina, only to change completely in a different environment. In that case, different versions of an artwork lay bare the effect of time on fast-changing technologies. The identity of a variable artwork is reconstituted anew with each instance of the artwork, at any point of its lifespan (Depocas, Ippolito i Jones 2003). Moreover, the variable elements of a specific work make it subject to alterations, which results in the form, and consequentially substance as well, being unstable.

Variable collective collaborations

Previous iterations of /’fu:bar/ were the fruit of the efforts of larger and smaller collectives, the festival created by the artists for the artists, with an aspiration to bring together and create a glitch community. The idea of collaboration and knowledge sharing was always present, with an emphasis on the underlying work being a collective effort, rather than the work of just a single person. The first biennial edition’s focus on collectivism reflects precisely this character of /’fu:bar/’s work. Working in a collective is a conscious decision, indeed, a matter of taking a political stand. It is not merely a matter of fulfilling a certain artistic aim, to be achieved by connecting with like-minded people, but the kind of activity that develops something of an alternative to the dominant artistic and social paradigms. A symbolic, intellectual and political space for working together in a way that is marked by solidarity and diversity of opinion in equal measure. Since the dynamics of a collective are susceptible to change, it might be said that the process is more important than the end result. This year’s programme tackles the topic of collectivism from different perspectives – from the artistic, curatorial, organisational, to the structural. How can artists banding together contribute to better working conditions and expanding one’s own intellectual and technological horizons? Is it possible to still the occasional chaos of polyphonic collaboration by uncovering new modes of operating? What does group work teach all those involved, and how does one take responsibility towards ourselves and towards others? Why is it important to collectively approach new technologies? How can new technologies be incorporated in common experience and action? How does collective interdisciplinary/asynchronous/parametric work affect the future and the past tissue of digital/electronic art?

By addressing collective action, /’fu:bar/ sheds light on infrastructure – in this case, the desirable social infrastructure that underlies new technologies. To talk about collective endeavours surrounding new technologies, be it knowledge sharing, code, ethics, or simply joint creation, also means to advocate their democratisation, decentralisation and openness.

Operating system

Infrastructure space behaves like software, the architect and author Keller Easterling wrote in the introduction to her book Extrastatecraft: The Power of Infrastructure Space (2014). For Easterling, “infrastructure space is an updating platform unfolding in time to handle new circumstances, encoding the relationships between buildings, or dictating logistics.” As she highlights, “McLuhan’s meme, transposed to infrastructure space, might be: the action is the form.” /’fu:bar/’s infrastructure space involves both IRL and URL in equal measure, branching out into various programmatic aspects that deliberately push the underlying system to the fore.

The thematic linchpin of the latest festival has addressed the errors and failures in archival practice, thus announcing the creation of an exhaustive /’fu:bar/ archive, comprising more than a thousand works. A new infrastructure has been created, inviting the activation of archival material in the form of curated collections or new contextualisations. In addition to being an important excerpt from the history of the festival, and glitch art in general, the /’fu:bar/ archive also generates the software infrastructure whose building blocks can be taken up and used for other digital artistic productions and processes. In doing so, it involves all the segments of the archival process – from application to the selection of individual works. The existing archive will have something of an extension in an open repo, which will partly automate the archiving of each work included in new editions of /’fu:bar/. This will blur the boundary between actively exhibiting and representing and archiving, always allowing the possibility for individual works to become starting points for further contextualisation and research. In any event, archiving has already begun in 2025, with the Glitch film from the Fubar archive programme in the MaMa club, and a curated collection entitled “New Technologies of Transition”, organised as part of the tenth Free Libre Art Glitch residency.

As the infrastructure of /’fu:bar/ cannot be separated from the content it deals with, it pervades all the elements of its programme, with one of the key questions being how to construct a system that supports interdependence and mutual aid, while simultaneously tackling the limiting of access and elitism in the art world. In any case, open thinking demands open infrastructure.


(text in Croatian)


Varijabilno višeglasje glitch festivala

Jedanaesto izdanje /’fu:bar/-a donosi transformaciju prepoznatljivog međunarodnog festivala glitch umjetnosti u prvo međunarodno bijenale varijabilne i glitch umjetnosti. Sadržajna i formalna preobrazba festivalskog formata želi ga učiniti obuhvatnijim u promišljanju i reprezentaciji najnovijih digitalnih tehnologija. U trenutku kad računalni aspekti prožimaju gotovo svaku umjetničku instalaciju, bilo u njezinoj produkciji ili izvedbi, proliferacija novih medija, kao i beskonačno kruženje informacija/podataka raznovrsnog porijekla na internetu, govore u prilog tome da je dominantna kultura digitalna. U odnosu na našu prezasićenu tehno-socijalnu stvarnost, /’fu:bar/ se nastoji pozicionirati ne samo kroz umjetnički rakurs već i djelovanjem po principima otvorenog kôda, dijeljenja znanja, kao i metoda DIY/DIWO, čime otvoreno kontrira tehnosolucionističkom sistemu. Pritom zagovara sigurno, pošteno, uključivo i transparentno produkcijsko okruženje, pri čemu pitanja kako i koju tehnologiju koristimo imaju važnu ulogu. /’fu:bar/ reagira na kontekst u okviru kojeg nastaje i nastoji pružiti drugu perspektivu iz koje se može razumjeti promjenjivost digitalnog krajolika.

Varijabilna nestabilnost

Premda isključiva posvećenost festivala glitch umjetnosti doprinosi njegovom međunarodnom renomeu, programski format je i sam usvojio varijabilnost karakterističnu za digitalnu umjetnost kojom se bavi. Bijenale varijabilne i glitch umjetnosti novi je opis /’fu:bar/-a i iznova upućuje na nestabilnost i nepredvidljivost medija koje razotkrivaju ideološke pukotine korištene tehnologije. Iako je glitch najlakše odrediti na temelju estetskih kriterija, ne treba zanemariti da slom ili greška u jeziku stroja odražavaju tehnološke uvjete vlastite proizvodnje. Drugim riječima, glitch ima tendenciju mijenjanja ovisno o tome kako se mijenjaju tehnologije i sustavi. Promjene u metodama korištenja i iskorištavanja tih sustava utjecat će ne samo na to kako glitch nastaje, nego i kako izgleda. Stoga /’fu:bar/ uvođenjem varijabilne umjetnosti dodatno naglašava prošireno polje glitch umjetnosti, čije razumijevanje traži sagledavanje sociološkog i tehnološkog konteksta, kao i napetosti i paradoksa koji pritom nastaju. Time se otvara prostor za razumijevanje brojnih kontradikcija digitalne umjetnosti u procjepu između estetike novih medija i nestabilnosti novih tehnologija.

Budući da se računalni umjetnički radovi sastoje od datoteka, operativnog sustava, softvera i hardvera, polazište za procjenu njihovog statusa nije toliko autentičnost ili originalnost, koliko njihov integritet, koji ovisi o hardverskim i softverskim komponentama. Istraživačica i profesorica Hanna Barbara Hölling u tekstu Versions, Variations and Variability: Ethical Considerations and Conservation Options for Computer-Based Art (2011.) ističe da konceptualni integritet proizlazi iz odnosa rada prema procesu ili korištenoj tehnologiji, kao i društvenom i kulturnom okruženju u kojem je rad nastao, dok estetski integritet obuhvaća izgled i dojam prikazanih komponenti kao i izlaze sustava, poput zvuka i/ili slike. Hardver tako premašuje vlastitu funkciju i pridobiva određenu skulpturalnu, odnosno estetsku vrijednost. Varijabilnost proizlazi iz korištene tehnologije, koja u određenom vremenu i prostoru ima određenu umjetničku patinu, da bi se u nekom drugom okruženju posve izmijenila. Različite verzije umjetničkog rada u tom slučaju raskrivaju učinak vremena na brzo promjenjive tehnologije. Identitet varijabilnog umjetničkog rada konstituira se iznova svakom instancijom umjetničkog djela u bilo kojem trenutku njegova životnog vijeka (Depocas, Ippolito i Jones 2003.). K tome, varijabilni elementi pojedinog rada čine ga podložnim promjenama, što dovodi do nestabilne forme, a posljedično i sadržaja.

Varijable kolektivne suradnje

Dosadašnja izdanja /’fu:bar/-a nastajala su zahvaljujući naporima većih i manjih kolektiva, a festival je nastajao od umjetnika_ca za umjetnike_ce, sa željom da okuplja i stvara glitch zajednicu. Uvijek je bila prisutna ideja suradnje i dijeljenja znanja, s naglaskom da je rad u pozadini kolektivni napor, a ne rad samo jedne osobe. Tematiziranje kolektivizma u okviru prvog bijenalnog izdanja odražava upravo tu prirodu djelovanja /’fu:bar/-a. Rad u kolektivu je stvar svjesne odluke, čak i zauzimanja političkog stava. Ne radi se isključivo o ispunjavanju određenog umjetničkog cilja koji se postiže povezivanjem s istomišljenicima, već se takvim djelovanjem razvija svojevrsna alternativa dominantnim umjetničkim i društvenim obrascima. Nastaje simbolični, intelektualni i politički prostor zajedničkog djelovanja koje podjednako obilježavaju solidarnost i različitost mišljenja. Budući da je dinamika kolektiva podložna promjenama, moglo bi se reći da je proces važniji od konačnog rezultata. Ovogodišnji program temu kolektivizma oslovljava iz različitih perspektiva – od umjetničke, kustoske, organizatorske do strukturalne. Kako udruživanje umjetnika_ca može doprinijeti boljim uvjetima rada kao i širenju vlastitih intelektualnih i tehnoloških horizonata? Je li povremeni kaos višeglasne suradnje moguće utišati pomoću otkrivanja novih modela djelovanja? Što grupni rad uči sve uključene i na koji način se preuzima odgovornost prema sebi i drugima? Zašto je važno kolektivno pristupiti novim tehnologijama? Na koji način nove tehnologije mogu biti dio zajedničkog iskustva i djelovanja? Kako kolektivni interdisciplinarni/asinkroni/parametarski rad utječe na budućnost i prošlo tkivo digitalne/elektroničke umjetnosti?

Tematiziranjem kolektivnog djelovanja /’fu:bar/ osvjetljava infrastrukturu, u ovom slučaju poželjnu društvenu infrastrukturu u pozadini novih tehnologija. Bilo da je riječ o dijeljenju znanja, kôda, etike ili samo zajedničkom stvaranju, govoriti o kolektivnim stremljenjima koja okružuju nove tehnologije ujedno znači zagovarati njezinu demokratizaciju, decentralizaciju te otvorenost.

Operativni sustav

Infrastrukturni prostor se ponaša poput softvera, zapisala je u uvodu knjige Extrastatecraft: The Power of Infrastructure Space (2014.) arhitektica i spisateljica Keller Easterling, po kojoj je infrastrukturni prostor platforma za ažuriranje koja se razvija u vremenu kako bi se nosila s novim okolnostima, kodirajući odnose između zgrada ili diktirajući logistiku. Kako ističe, “McLuhanov mem, transponiran na infrastrukturni prostor, mogao bi glasiti: radnja je forma.” Infrastrukturni prostor /’fu:bar/-a podjednako uključuje IRL i URL, granajući se na različite programske aspekte koji sistem u pozadini namjerno guraju u prvi plan.

Tematska okosnica posljednjeg festivalskog izdanja tematizirala je greške i neuspjehe u arhivskim praksama i time je najavila stvaranje sveobuhvatne arhive /’fu:bar/-a, koja sadrži više od tisuću radova. Stvorena je nova infrastruktura koja poziva na aktivaciju arhivskog materijala u vidu kustoskih kolekcija ili novih kontekstualizacija. Osim što čini važan isječak povijesti festivala i glitch umjetnosti uopće, arhiva /’fu:bar/-a stvara i softversku infrastrukturu čije je gradbene elemente moguće preuzeti i koristiti za druge digitalne umjetničke produkcije i procese. Pritom obuhvaća sve segmente arhivskog procesa – od prijave do selekcije pojedinih radova. Svojevrsnu nadogradnju postojeće arhive činit će tzv. otvoreni repozitorij (open repo), koji će donekle automatizirati arhiviranje svakog rada uključenog u nova izdanja /’fu:bar/-a. Time će biti zamućena granica između aktivnog izlaganja i reprezentacije i arhive, s time da uvijek postoji mogućnost da pojedini radovi postanu polazišne točke za daljnju kontekstualizaciju i istraživanja. Uostalom, aktiviranje arhive je već započelo u 2025. godini, s programom Glitch film iz Fubar arhive u klubu MaMa te s kustoskom kolekcijom “New Technologies of Transition” u okviru desete rezidencije Free Libre Art Glitch.

Infrastruktura /’fu:bar/-a neodvojiva je od sadržaja kojim se bavi i zato prožima sve programske točke, a jedno od ključnih pitanja je kako izgraditi sustav koji podržava međuovisnost i uzajamnu pomoć dok se istovremeno obračunava s ograničavanjem pristupa i elitizmom u svijetu umjetnosti. Uostalom, otvoreno mišljenje zahtjeva otvorenu infrastrukturu.


GLI▏TCH A ▝RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝖏𝖔𝖎𝖓 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ɑʁcμᴉʌԍ — GLITCH A▛T — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : נ𝕆เ几 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ — G▁ITC▚▀ ART — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝒿ℴ𝒾𝓃 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝖆𝖗𝖈𝖍𝖎𝖛𝖊 — G▗LITC▞▞ ▞▚RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : jѳїп 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ᗩᖇᑕᕼᏆᐯᗴ — GLI▔▔H ▀RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝒿ℴ𝒾𝓃 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 archive — GLI▕TC▘ ART — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : נ𝕆เ几 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ǝʌᴉɥɔɹɐ —

/'FU:BAR/

GLI▏TCH A ▝RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝖏𝖔𝖎𝖓 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ɑʁcμᴉʌԍ — GLITCH A▛T — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : נ𝕆เ几 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ — G▁ITC▚▀ ART — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝒿ℴ𝒾𝓃 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝖆𝖗𝖈𝖍𝖎𝖛𝖊 — G▗LITC▞▞ ▞▚RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : jѳїп 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ᗩᖇᑕᕼᏆᐯᗴ — GLI▔▔H ▀RT — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : 𝒿ℴ𝒾𝓃 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 archive — GLI▕TC▘ ART — ZAGREB × ONLINE — EXPO 24/7 — ⍲☈⍧ℍ⟟⍻ℇ CALL : נ𝕆เ几 𝖙𝖍𝖊 𝖋𝖚𝖇𝖆𝖗 𝖉𝖊𝖈𝖊𝖓𝖓𝖎𝖆𝖑 𝒹ℯ𝒸ℯ𝓃𝓃𝒾𝒶𝓁 ǝʌᴉɥɔɹɐ —